B.4 Identify and distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement contingencies

Reinforcement is a stimulus that increases the probability that a behavior will be repeated. It can take two forms: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.

Positive Reinforcement A stimulus is added after a behavior, increasing the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. Examples: A student earns a good grade after completing an assignment. An employee receives a bonus after meeting their sales goals. 🔑Key Idea: Positive reinforcement involves adding something desirable to encourage the behavior.

Negative Reinforcement A stimulus is removed after a behavior, increasing the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. Remember it's not about "punishing" but rather about "relieving" an uncomfortable situation. Examples: A child stops crying after receiving a glass of water from their parents. An employee quits smoking after their doctor warns them about health risks. 🔑Key Idea: Negative reinforcement involves removing something undesirable to encourage the behavior.

Type	Key Action	Examples
Positive Reinforcement	Give & Increase Behavior	Giving a treat for sitting.
Negative Reinforcement	Remove & Increase Behavior	Turning off a loud alarm.

Reinforcement is a powerful tool for shaping behavior. Understanding the difference between positive and negative reinforcement is essential for choosing the appropriate strategy for each situation. Both forms of reinforcement work to increase desirable behaviors, but they do so in different ways:

• Positive reinforcement adds something rewarding.

• Negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant.

By mastering these techniques, parents, teachers, and professionals can create effective interventions.